What Is a GLP-1? A Plain-English Guide

GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone your gut releases after you eat. It tells your brain you are full, slows how quickly your stomach empties and helps your body release insulin when blood sugar rises.

What are GLP-1 medications?

GLP-1 medications act like this natural hormone, but last much longer. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 medication. Tirzepatide acts on GLP-1 and a second hormone, GIP. Both are once-weekly injections used for type 2 diabetes and, at specific doses, for weight management.

How they help with weight loss

• Less hunger and fewer cravings
• Feeling full on smaller portions
• Steadier blood sugar

In large clinical trials, average weight loss was about 15% with semaglutide and about 20% with the highest dose of tirzepatide over about 16 to 17 months. See semaglutide vs. tirzepatide.

Common side effects

Nausea, diarrhea, constipation and heartburn are most common, especially early and after dose increases. Read our full guide to GLP-1 side effects.

Is a GLP-1 right for you?

They are generally prescribed for adults with a BMI of 30 or higher, or 27 or higher with a weight-related condition. Learn about medical weight loss at elev8HRT.

Have questions about your hormones or weight? Julie Bernell, MD, sees women and men from Kingwood, The Woodlands and the Lake Houston area at our New Caney office. Call 281-319-4111 or request an appointment.

This article is for general education and does not replace individualized medical advice.